The advantages of electric furnace steelmaking and steelmaking steps

The main features and characteristics of electric arc furnace steelmaking: 

Using scrap steel or crude steel as the main solid material, no need for a huge ironmaking and coking system; Wide range of raw materials used, suitable for short-term, intermittent production in production scheduling; Use electric energy to melt (remelt) And heating, easy to obtain high temperature, convenient and accurate temperature adjustment, which is conducive to smelting all kinds of steel; furnace atmosphere (oxidation, reduction, neutral), vacuum and pressure can be adjusted; alloy yield is high, composition is easy to adjust and Narrow control range; wide variety adaptability, good quality, can smelt various types of high-quality steel and alloy steel with low P, S, and O content; simple equipment, short process flow, small floor space, low capital construction cost, and put into production Fast and easy to control pollution; high power consumption, [N], [H] high; productivity is lower than converters, consumption of electrodes and refractory materials is higher than other smelting methods. 

Steps of electric furnace steelmaking: 

1.Feeding: The operation of adding molten iron or scrap steel to the electric furnace is the first step of the electric furnace steelmaking operation. 

2.Slagging: The operation of adjusting the composition, alkalinity, viscosity and reaction ability of slag in the production of steel and iron. 

3. Slagging: The slagging or slagging operation adopted in the smelting process according to different smelting conditions and purposes during electric arc furnace steelmaking. 

3.Molten pool stirring: Supply energy to the molten metal pool to make the molten metal and slag move to improve the dynamic conditions of the metallurgical reaction. The stirring of the molten pool can be achieved by means of gas, mechanical, electromagnetic induction and other methods. 

4.Dephosphorization: chemical reaction to reduce the phosphorus content in molten steel. Phosphorus is one of the harmful impurities in steel. Steels with a lot of phosphorus are prone to brittle cracks when used at room temperature or lower. 

5.Electric furnace bottom blowing Electric furnace bottom blowing: N2, Ar, CO2, CO, CH4, O2 and other gases are blown into the molten pool in the furnace according to the process requirements through a nozzle placed at the bottom of the furnace to achieve the purpose of accelerating the melting and promoting the metallurgical reaction process. .The use of bottom blowing technology can shorten smelting time, reduce power consumption, improve dephosphorization and desulfurization operations, increase the amount of residual manganese in steel, and increase the yield of metals and alloys. And can make the molten steel composition and temperature more uniform, thereby improving steel quality, reducing costs, and increasing productivity. 

6.Melting period: The melting period of steelmaking is mainly for open hearth and electric furnace steelmaking. The melting period of electric arc furnace steelmaking is called the melting period from the start of electrification to the complete melting of the furnace steel spikes, and the open-hearth steelmaking from the completion of the molten iron to the completion of the charge. The task of the melting period is to melt and heat up the charge as soon as possible, and make the slag in the melting period. 

7.Oxidation period and decarburization period: The oxidation period of ordinary power electric arc furnace steelmaking usually refers to the process stage from the dissolution of the furnace charge, sampling and analysis to the completion of the oxidation slag. 

8.Refining period: the process of steelmaking, through slagging and other methods, to select elements and compounds that are harmful to the quality of steel into the gas phase or discharge or float into the slag through chemical reactions to remove them from the molten steel. period. The continuous caster discharges the billet. The continuous caster discharges the billet. 

9.Reduction period: In ordinary power EAF steelmaking operations, the period from the end of oxidation to the completion of slagging and tapping is usually called the reduction period. Its main task is to create reduced slag for diffusion, deoxidation, desulfurization, chemical composition control and temperature adjustment. High-power and ultra-power electric arc furnace steelmaking operations have cancelled the reduction period. 11. Out-of-furnace refining: The steelmaking process in which the molten steel that has been initially smelted in a steelmaking furnace (converter, electric furnace, etc.) is transferred to another vessel for refining, also called secondary metallurgy. Therefore, the steelmaking process is divided into two steps: primary smelting and refining. Primary refining: The charge is melted, dephosphorized, decarburized and main alloyed in a furnace with an oxidizing atmosphere. Refining: Degas, deoxidize, desulfurize, remove inclusions and fine-tune the composition of the molten steel in a vacuum, inert gas or reducing atmosphere container. The advantages of dividing steelmaking into two steps are: it can improve the quality of steel, the steelmaking workshop can shorten the smelting time, simplify the process and reduce the production cost. There are many types of out-of-furnace refining, which can be roughly divided into two types: out-of-furnace refining under atmospheric pressure and out-of-furnace refining under vacuum. According to different treatment methods, it can be divided into ladle processing type furnace refining and ladle refining type furnace refining. 

12.Molten steel stirring: the stirring of molten steel during the refining process outside the furnace. It homogenizes the composition and temperature of molten steel and can promote metallurgical reactions. Most metallurgical reaction processes are phase interface reactions, and the diffusion rate of reactants and products is the limiting link of these reactions. When molten steel is in a static state, its metallurgical reaction speed is very slow. For example, it takes 30 to 60 minutes to desulfurize the molten steel in an electric furnace; while it takes only 3 to 5 minutes to stir the molten steel in the furnace refining. When molten steel is in a static state, the inclusions are removed by floating upwards, and the removal speed is slow; When the molten steel is stirred, the removal speed of the inclusions increases exponentially, and is related to the stirring strength, type, and characteristics and concentration of the inclusions. 

13. Wire feeding to the ladle: Feed the iron-clad deoxidizing, desulfurizing and fine-tuned powders into the ladle through the wire feeding machine, such as Ca-Si powder, or directly feeding aluminum wire, carbon wire, etc. , Calcium treatment and the method of fine-tuning the composition of carbon and aluminum in steel. It also has the function of cleaning molten steel and improving the morphology of non-metallic inclusions.

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Electric Furnace Steelmaking